Friday, September 4, 2020

The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Twelve Free Essays

Stefan heard a voice murmur, delicate with torment, â€Å"Oh, no.† A voice that he’d never thought to hear again, that he could always remember. Waves of chills poured over his skin, and he could feel a shaking start inside him. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Twelve or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now He moved in the direction of the voice, his consideration fixing right away, his brain nearly closing down on the grounds that it couldn’t adapt to such huge numbers of unexpected driving feelings on the double. His eyes were obscured and could just recognize a wash of brilliance like a thousand candles. Be that as it may, it didn’t matter. He could feel her there. A similar nearness he had detected the absolute first day he’d come to Fell’s Church, a brilliant white light that shone into his awareness. Loaded with cool excellence and burning energy and lively life. Requesting that he advance toward it, that he overlook everything else. Elena. It was truly Elena. Her essence infested him, filling him to his fingertips. All his eager faculties were fixed on that wash of luminance, scanning for her. Requiring her. At that point she ventured out. She moved gradually, reluctantly. As though she could scarcely cause herself to do it. Stefan was trapped in a similar loss of motion. Elena. He considered her to be include as though just because. The pale gold hair coasting about her face and shoulders like a radiance. The reasonable, perfect skin. The thin, graceful body quite recently inclined away from him, one hand brought up in fight. â€Å"Stefan,† the murmur came, and it was her voice. Her voice saying his name. Yet, there was such torment in it that he needed to hurry to her, hold her, guarantee her that everything would be OK. â€Å"Stefan, please†¦ I can’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He could see her eyes now. The dull blue of lapis lazuli, spotted in this light with gold. Wide with torment and wet with unshed tears. It destroyed his guts. â€Å"You don’t need to see me?† His voice was dry as residue. â€Å"I don’t need you to see me. Goodness, Stefan, he can get anything going. What's more, he’ll discover us. He’ll come here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Alleviation and hurting euphoria overwhelmed through Stefan. He could hardly focus on her words, and it didn’t matter. The manner in which she said his name was sufficient. That â€Å"Oh, Stefan† disclosed to him all that he thought about. He advanced toward her discreetly, his own hand coming up to go after hers. He saw the fighting shake of her head, saw that her lips were left behind her reviving breath. Very close, her skin had an internal sparkle, similar to a fire radiating through translucent light wax. Beads of wetness were gotten on her eyelashes like jewels. In spite of the fact that she continued shaking her head, continued dissenting, she didn't move her hand away. Not in any event, when his extended fingers contacted it, squeezing against her cool fingertips as though they were on inverse sides of a sheet of glass. He couldn’t think. His heart was taking steps to get through his chest. Nothing made a difference with the exception of that she was here, that they were here together. He didn’t notice the abnormal environmental factors, didn’t care who may be viewing. Gradually, so gradually, he shut his hand around hers, interlacing their fingers, the manner in which they were intended to be. His other hand lifted to her face. Her eyes shut at the touch, her cheek inclining toward it. He felt the dampness on his fingers and a giggle trapped in his throat. Dream tears. Be that as it may, they were genuine, she was genuine. Elena. Pleasantness penetrated him. A joy so sharp it was a torment, just to stroke the tears from her face with his thumb. All the baffled delicacy of the most recent a half year, all the feeling he’d kept secured his heart that since quite a while ago, came falling out, lowering him. Suffocating them two. It took such a little development and afterward he was holding her. A blessed messenger in his arms, cool and exciting with life and excellence. A being of fire and air. She shuddered in his grip; at that point, eyes despite everything shut, set up her lips. There was nothing cool about the kiss. It struck flashes from Stefan’s nerves, liquefying and dissolving everything around it. He felt his control disentangling, the control he’d endeavored to protect since he’d lost her. Everything inside him was being jolted free, all bunches loosened, all conduits opened. He could feel his own tears as he held her to him, attempting to intertwine them into one tissue, one body. With the goal that nothing would ever isolate them again. They were both crying without breaking the kiss. Elena’s thin arms were around his neck now, every last bit of her fitting to him as though she had never had a place anyplace else. He could taste the salt of her tears all the rage and it soaked him with pleasantness. He knew, enigmatically, that there was something different he ought to consider. In any case, the primary electric bit of her cool skin had driven explanation from his brain. They were in the focal point of a tornado of fire; the universe could detonate or disintegrate or consume to remains though he couldn't care less, as long as he could keep her safe. Yet, Elena was trembling. Not simply from feeling, from the force that was making him discombobulated and alcoholic with delight. From dread. He could feel it in her psyche and he needed to ensure her, to shield her and to value her and to execute whatever challenged scare her. With something like a growl he raised his face to glance around. â€Å"What is it?† he stated, hearing the predator’s scratch in his own voice. â€Å"Anything that attempts to hurt you-â€Å" â€Å"Ask me whatever else and I’ll do it,† Stefan said. The executioner would need to shred him nerve from nerve, muscle from muscle, cell from cell to make him leave her. â€Å"Stefan, it’s just a dream,† Elena said urgently, new tears falling. â€Å"We can’t truly contact, we can’t be together. It’s not allowed.† Stefan didn’t care. It didn’t appear to be a fantasy. It felt genuine. Furthermore, even in a fantasy he was not going to surrender Elena, not for anybody. No power in paradise or hellfire could make him†¦ â€Å"Wrong, sport. Surprise!† said another voice, a voice Stefan had never heard. He remembered it intuitively, however, as the voice of an executioner. A tracker among trackers. Also, when he turned, he recollected what Vickie, poor Vickie, had said. He resembles the fallen angel. On the off chance that the fiend was attractive and fair. He wore a tattered overcoat, as Vickie had portrayed. Grimy and worn out. He resembled any road individual from any large city, then again, actually he was so tall and his eyes were so clear and infiltrating. Electric blue, similar to razor-iced sky. His hair was practically white, standing straight up as though passed up an impact of nippy breeze. His wide grin caused Stefan to feel debilitated. â€Å"Salvatore, I presume,† he stated, scratching a bow. â€Å"And obviously the lovely Elena. The delightful dead Elena. Come to join her, Stefan? Both of you were simply intended to be together.† He looked youthful, more established than Stefan, yet youthful. He wasn’t. â€Å"Stefan, leave now,† Elena murmured. â€Å"He can’t hurt me, yet you’re extraordinary. He can get something going that will tail you out of the dream.† Stefan’s arm stayed bolted around her. â€Å"Bravo!† the man in the parka commended, glancing around as though to support an undetectable crowd. He amazed marginally, and if he’d been human, Stefan would have thought he was smashed. â€Å"Stefan, please,† Elena murmured. â€Å"It would be impolite to leave before we’ve even been appropriately introduced,† the blondie man said. Hands in coat pockets, he walked a stage or two closer. â€Å"Don’t you need to know who I am?† Elena shook her head, not in nullification however tragically, and dropped it to Stefan’s shoulder. He measured a hand around her hair, needing to shield all aspects of her from this crazy person. â€Å"I need to know,† he stated, taking a gander at the blondie man over her head. â€Å"How long?† said Stefan, unmoved. â€Å"A long time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The fair man’s look turned fantastic, as though thinking back throughout the years. â€Å"I was tearing pretty white throats when your predecessors were building the Colosseum. I slaughtered with Alexander’s armed force. I battled in the Trojan War. I’m old, Salvatore. I’m one of the Originals. In my most punctual recollections I conveyed a bronze ax.† Gradually, Stefan gestured. He’d knew about the Old Ones. They were murmured regarding among vampires, however nobody Stefan had ever known had really met one. Each vampire was made by another vampire, changed by the trading of blood. Be that as it may, some place, back in time, had been the Originals, the ones who hadn’t been made. They were the place the line of progression halted. Nobody knew how they’d gotten the chance to be vampires themselves. In any case, their Powers were unbelievable. â€Å"I brought the Roman Empire down,† the blondie man proceeded groggily. â€Å"They called us brutes they just didn’t comprehend! War, Salvatore! There’s not at all like it. Europe was energizing at that point. I chose to stay the open country and have a good time. Bizarre, you know, individuals never truly appeared to be agreeable around me. They used to run or hold up crosses.† He shook his head. â€Å"But one lady came and asked my assistance. She was a servant in a baron’s family, and her little courtesan was wiped out. Kicking the bucket, she said. She needed me to take care of business. Also, so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The grin returned and expanded, getting more extensive and incomprehensibly more extensive, â€Å"I did. She was a truly little thing.† Stefan had turned his body to hold Elena away from the blondie man, and now, for a second, he dismissed his head as well. He ought to have known, ought to have speculated. Thus everything returned to him. Vickie’s passing, and Sue’s, were at last to be laid at his entryway. He had begun the

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Human resources Management Recruitment and Selection †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Human assets Management Recruitment and Selection. Answer: HRM Initiative: Recruitment and Selection The enrollment and choice procedure of recruiting representatives is one of the most significant employments of human asset the board. This is on the grounds that it can't be a screw up that the accomplishment of any association will depend to the sort of gifts and HR it utilizes in the firm. The nature of the administrations and items that and association gives is consistently subject to the gifts of the individuals working in the firm(Derous Fruyt, 2016). In such manner, a compelling enrollment and choice procedure is significant and urgent to the achievement of the everyday working of the association. The accomplishment of the procedure will likewise rely upon the individuals having the option to locate the correct capabilities, aptitudes and ability that will convey the destinations of the association and empower it make a positive commitment towards the points and estimations of the association. Likewise the issue of intensity and authority at the authoritative level is normally molded by the social parts of the nation. For instance in china the older individuals have greater expert in proficient life since it is constantly accepted that they have more involvement with work than the youthful representative who could be knowing the activity much better. Such issues additionally come up at whatever point an association is moving in the direction of advancing a kindred worker. As such it turns into a test for the HR office to settle on administration of the worldwide organization too qualified and experienced youngster can't be given an opportunity for advancement or employment(Zhao Liden, 2011). Additionally in the wake of setting up the essential system for the foundation of the organization in a host nation, it is significant for the principle office to keep managing the manner in which enlistment and determination is finished. A few issues remember sporadic work and politic al obstruction for the enrollment forms where they push for their kin to be given need in any event, when they may not the necessary capabilities of the post(Askarian, et al., 2010). Procedure As indicated by Ali, (2016), the enrollment and determination process should be acquired at the base expense of the quality and number of representatives who are required to fulfill the need of the HR office and that of the association. Thusly, Armstrong distinguished stages that organizations need to accomplish so as to meet the procedure. This is as per the following: Occupation Analysis : this is the initial step of the enlistment and determination process. The explanation behind a vocation investigation is to set up an expected set of responsibilities and determination that will help the association in employing the correct workforce in the organisation(Beardwell Claydon, 2010). The procedure is generally significant as it empowers the human asset to produce data that will be later changed over in to the substantial yields utilized in drafting the set of working responsibilities and determinations of the individual the organization is searching for. During Job particular, one glances at what must be done and the individual to do it before the enlistment of the empty position. It is exhorted that the HR needs to put resources into this time gathering data about the activity. Here one doesn't just need to consider the substance of the activity yet in addition the motivation behind the activity and they sort of yields that will be required for the individual winning the activity to fill the hole. It is likewise significant that the necessary abilities and individual involvement with the activity is well performed(Demuijnck, 2015). The investigation in this manner takes a gander at the persuading subtleties on errands depiction, the information, relationship of the activity and the measures of work and necessity from the representative. An occupation examination is generally led by the Human assets division and can involve interviews, perceptions on officeholders, administrators and occurrence examinations. Expected set of responsibilities: This is the second piece of the procedure and it involves a succinct duplicity of the activity obligations and duties. It is significant that the HR expresses the substance of the activity being promoted and what will be normal from the competitor of the specific occupation. This normally takes various structures that incorporate; rundown of the activity where there is a diagram of the activity position and brief portrayal of the most significant human asset functions(Derous Fruyt, 2016). The synopsis will furnish perusers with what they are relied upon to have and to do in the assigned activity. This is the place the organization can offer occupations to potential up-and-comers and draw in however many candidates as could be expected under the circumstances. There is additionally the Job detail will gives the necessary capabilities that will empower the individual accomplish the work as per the general inclination of the organization. Determination can be utilized to empower the application become familiar with the activity including aptitudes, information and ability(Lewis, 2007). Issues, for example, experience and instruction, physical prerequisites of working conditions will likewise be examined. The portrayal ought to be placed such that it stays useful to both the business and representative. Individual Specification: in this stage, the human asset will depict the prerequisites of the people going to hold the activity with the goal that it gets an individual who can accomplish the work to the agreeable level. This will incorporate preparing and experience, training and capability and characteristics and attributes(Lewis, 2007). Individual particular is in this manner significant as it depicts the contender for the activity and will shape as a reason for the determination procedure so as to get the correct individual. Enlistment sourcing : for any association, there are normally two hotspots for possibility to be enrolled. This will likewise apply to a global like Tesco. These sources are either outer or inner relying upon the spending plan and the need. The incorporation of inside sources is normally steady with the human asset arrangement of the association and can generally prompt association success(Derous Fruyt, 2016). The enlistment and choice procedure will be the most significant piece of recognizing and finding forthcoming up-and-comers. What's more, when an inside procedure is utilized by the association, the fundamental part will involve distinguishing and finding the planned up-and-comer. The association will consequently go to the current representatives to urge them to go after open jobs. This is utilized as a feature of occupation pivot program that is because of redundancies in different regions of the association and an impermanent acting position. There are anyway other factor for inside procedure which can pull in a great deal of stroll in applications. For such applications intrigued candidates hand their papers and expect that they will be considered in the interior application or be considered for future opening. Meetings and determination: interviews are normally viewed as successful while assessing the application. The methodology is supposed to be permeated with open finished requests and other business related inquiries during the meeting meetings. Now the applicant will be expected to persuade the sheet of questioners about their capabilities and aptitudes in the event that they should be chosen, inability to which they will not(Ali, 2016). The questioner will survey both the scholarly and working abilities of the applicant which will be unbiasedly screened during the activity and meeting in the evaluation places. While playing out the meetings, the HR the board ought to be guaranteed that they are going to unbiasedly evaluate the competitor, this will be done in both verbal and nonverbal way. By and large meetings check a few aptitudes and capability; the assessment abilities, specialized abilities, basic reasoning and word related mentality toward issues like cooperation. Every one of these capabilities will be estimated and the applicant should know. In such manner interviews are the most ideal approaches to do an appropriate enlistment or choice process(Chen Klimoski, 2007). Proposition for employment : after the up-and-comer has been made in the above strides, at that point the accessible data will be assessed in contrast with the remainder of the applications. The proposition for employment stage will be allowed to individuals who passed the meeting. The HR will likewise praise the individual and furnish them with the insights regarding the pace of pay, working conditions, area and time and where they will be relied upon to answer to work. This will likewise incorporate a conventional prologue to the organization workers and permit them to pose extra inquiries. It is anyway be recollected that a bid for employment doesn't mean the candidate has really landed the position. Money saving advantage Analysis The enlistment and determination procedure will consistently incorporate the procurement of costs, the learning and improvement costs. The securing costs ,the immediate expenses and backhanded expenses of enrollment and determination with will for the most part be dictated by their recruiting from the organization or redistributing for up-and-comers outside the organization. There are additionally the turn of events and learning costs, here direct costs will incorporate those in formal preparing and preparing at work. There will likewise be the backhanded costs which takes a gander at the expense of efficiency and time of trainers(Chen Klimoski, 2007). As such, direct costs will ordinarily take care of the security costs, regulatory costs, promoting, charges and wages to the enlistment organizations, room rentals, travel costs, plan costs employments and clinical assessment costs. The circuitous beds then again will take a gander at expenses of data time, the learning for the up-and- comer the empower them become all around fit for the activity and individual commitment. It will likewise take a gander at time and incorporation expenses of new representatives, faculty particular, the expense of setting up the expected set of responsibilities of each, the time and cost of mix of the new workers to the association, the expense of paying for the meetings and the cost spent on managerial issues. It is additionally significant that the organization considers

Friday, August 21, 2020

Hamlet's feigned madness and Ophelia's real madness Essay

Hamlet's faked frenzy and Ophelia's genuine franticness - Essay Example Hamlet shows various peculiar practices during the play. He opposes the apparition requests of executing Claudius for various reasons (1.1.12). As per the Roman and Greek retribution catastrophes, it is abnormal to murder a ruler and extra the sovereign. Hamlet needs more annoyance in him to vindicate for homicide, however he rankles it with enough empathy to save his mother’s inbreeding activities. He delays perpetrating and enduring demise since presenting on death’s edge guides him to an arrangement of exceptionally lighting up bits of knowledge and minutes that he imparts to the crowd. Hamlet needs to be certain that Claudius is totally liable before he chooses to vindicate his father’s demise. He shockingly gets evidence that happens to be a snare (1.5.40). Claudius capture Hamlet and removes him from the nation. At the point when Hamlet at long last chooses to submit the demonstration, he winds up slaughtering an inappropriate man by the name Polonius (4.1) . It is critical to take note of that Hamlet is especially malcontented and despairing with Denmark’s situation and in his family. He feels sold out and frustrated that his mom wedded his uncle so right on time after his dad bites the dust. His words, when discussing his mom, as often as possible show his doubt of and repugnance with ladies for the most part. During different scenes in the play, he thinks about passing on and mulls over self destruction. By and by, paying little heed to everything with which Hamlet concedes disappointment, it is essential that he should consider these issues just in philosophical and individual terms. The frenzy that Hamlet shows begins as anguish for his father’s passing. Out of pain, he wishes that his tissue would soften and transform into dew. He experiences numerous feelings when his mom decides to wed Claudius,... The paper tells that the contrast among Hamlet and different messes around vengeance is that, in Hamlet the watcher never observes the retribution occurring. The play doesn't show the crowd the normal; rather it persistently delays the retribution of Hamlet. The deferral is on the grounds that Hamlet endeavors to acquire certain information concerning what he is doing. In Hamlet, conviction along with feelings, brain research and morals influence activities. Hamlet himself appears to question the thought that it is likely act in a deliberate and controlled manner. He wants to act brutally, aimlessly and foolishly when he decides to do as such. The contention is whether Hamlet is genuinely distraught or simply acting. Hamlet’s frenzy is among the different unanswered inquiries that the play raises, an outlandish riddle. No different, the unpredictability and sheer vulnerability of Hamlet's psychological state and conflicting conduct is unquestionable and seems to address the ge neral uncertainty and vulnerability environment of the play. The away from of Ophelia into franticness, and later suffocating, is decently of a different issue. Pundits concur that Ophelia goes distraught because of the steady maltreatment from Hamlet. She splits under the weight of male centric powers that has critical ramifications for the depiction of sex and sexual orientation in the play. It's anything but a slip-up that it is unimaginable for the crowd to know the genuine mental province of Hamlet. The vulnerability of the crowd mirrors the regular uncertainty and vagueness that describes the entire play.

The Writers For Hire A Look at 2017 - The Writers For Hire

THE WRITERS FOR HIRE: A LOOK AT 2017 2,000 seventeen was an energizing year at The Writers For Hire, Inc. We praised some enormous achievements and saw our locale meet up in astonishing manners, during a period of emergency. As we consider the previous year, we are ever thankful for the open doors we have needed to meet such huge numbers of awesome individuals who have significantly added to the development and accomplishment of TWFH.Tweet this OTC 2017 At the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in May, we made some extraordinary memories visiting with OG industry agents from Houston and around the world. We were likewise wonderfully astonished by a portion of the astounding corn opening aptitudes we saw. A major gratitude to every one of you who set aside the effort to make a trip to see us at our corner! 10-Year Anniversary! In July we praised the 10-year commemoration of our magnificent senior editorial manager, Stephanie Hashagen. This was the initial 10-year representative commemoration for The Writers For Hire! To help honor this energizing achievement, we solicited Stephanie to share some from the knowledge she has procured in the course of recent years. Media Mentions TWFH participated in a few fun media occasions in 2017†¦ In July, Media Bistro distributed an article about Wintress Odom, our proprietor, titled â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Running a Writing Agency.† The piece depicted Odom’s venture from independent author to originator of a fruitful composing administrations organization. VoyageHouston, a network news distribution, highlighted Odom and TWFH in November. The artice, â€Å"Meet Wintress Odom of The Writers For Hire in West,† incorporates a portion of the difficulties Odom has survived while building her business, alongside yell outs to a portion of the individuals who helped her make TWFH a triumph. Storm Harvey Relief After Hurricane Harvey crushed more prominent Houston with floods in August, we saw the absolute best of mankind, as individuals from varying backgrounds met up to help anyway they could. We are very thankful the individuals who, similar to our Communications Manager Brittany Cooper and her significant other Cody, put their lives at risk and went all through the Houston territory by pontoon, safeguarding individuals who were abandoned in their homes. We likewise need to thank every one of you for contributing and helping the Odom’s and The Writers For Hire give truly necessary supplies legitimately to flood casualties. We were unable to have done it without you! We will always be propelled by the â€Å"everyday heroes† who magnanimously ventured forward to have any kind of effect in the lives of others. Gift to Las Amigas In November, TWFH was allowed the chance to take an interest in a stunning occasion, profiting Amigas Para Niã ±os, a not-for-profit association helping youngsters out of luck. We were eager to discover that the individual history book bundle we submitted was sold for $2,200! It truly was a respect to be a piece of such an admirable motivation. 2017 was really a mind blowing year, and we have every one of you to thank for that. We can't stand by to perceive what 2018 brings!

Saturday, July 11, 2020

Dissertation Help

Dissertation HelpWhere can you get dissertation help? The dissertation help is a great benefit to you if you are writing your dissertation.To write a good dissertation, you need to have the ability of a good dissertation writer. A good dissertation writer can be challenging for the students as he/she is also a teacher. So what does the dissertation mean? The dissertation is written to support your academic studies that are related to a particular topic.So, in order to be a good candidate for writing the dissertation, you need to know what your student's purpose is and why he/she is studying the particular topic. Also, you need to keep in mind the goals of your student. How do you determine what the goals of your student is? By knowing that will surely give you the ability to come up with some idea or recommendation.Dissertation help is something that you need to do in order to boost up your confidence as a student as well as a writer. There are many topics on which you need to be rea lly knowledgeable about.The dissertation help may help you write your dissertation or at least save you from the hassles and frustration involved with having to write the dissertation. Many students can have difficulty with writing the dissertation.If you are one of those students, then the dissertation help is for you. A dissertation help can help you as you come up with ideas and create your own unique style in order to be able to write the dissertation with consistency. You can also be able to gather some advice and support in order to be able to write the dissertation successfully.Dissertation help can be found in different ways. Most students want the help of other students to help them with their dissertations. Some universities and colleges offer dissertation assistance, so it would be best to ask around.Dissertation help is not only needed by students. Non-academic people in different professions may also seek dissertation help. Some examples of non-academic fields that use this type of help include reporters, accountants, teachers, physicians, business owners, managers, lawyers, pharmacists, and many more.

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

Market Returns and Volatility - 1100 Words

Market Returns and Volatility (Term Paper Sample) Content: Finance and AccountingStudent NameMarket Returns and VolatilityLecturers NameInstitution NameDateExecutive SummaryThis paper evaluates the 3 GARCH models using three random distributions to compare the forecast of volatility power of their return for the London stock exchange group, market price index for the 12 years from 2001 to 2012. This study uses the three models GARCH model, DRIFT + GARCH model and EGARCH model against the Normal and General distributions of Error. The next forecast we make is that of the volatility of the stock market for the UK through its stock return using the three models GARCH model, DRIFT + GARCH model and EGARCH model and then performing the comparison of the forecasting of their performances. The outcome demonstrates the fact that the return volatility can change under the influenced of the significant persistence as well as asymmetric effects. We also approximate the variance for the models for in the full sampling period by use of a static forecast. After the comparison of the forecasting performances of the models, the EGARCH model is found to be having the most accurate forecast of the performance compared to other models.Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION2. DISCUSSION TO THE STOCK3. ECONOMETRIC METHODOLOGY3.1. ARCH Model3.2. GARCH Model3.3. DRIFT + GARCH Model3.4. Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) Model4. DATA STATISTICS4.1. Time Series Analysis4.2. Descriptive Statistics4.3. ADF Test5. CONCLUSIONIntroductionFeatures such as volatility clustering and pooling, leptokurtosis and leverage effects commonly characterize the financial data. It is not possible for linear structure models and time series models to demonstrate most of the vital features. The three features are the tendency to develop the returns on the financial assets (VoÃ…Â ¡vrda Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€žkeÃ…Â ¡, 2004). The definition of these tendencies is stated as to make the distributions to demonstrate bigger tails and superfluous mean. This makes the vo latility of the financial markets to create large returns and to make the volatility increase more because of the more rapid drop in prices than to follow the price increase to the same capacity (Hà ¡jek 2007, p. 65). The most common non-linear models of financial forecasts are the ARCH or GARCH models applied in the volatility modeling and forecasting. In this research, we undertake to investigate the volatile nature of the stock market in the UK by studying the dynamics of its return with the GARCH model, DRIFT + GARCH model and the EGARCH model to do comparison of the forecasting of their performances.The next section in this discussion is the exploration of the stock of the London stock Exchange group in relation to the GARCH models as well as the volatility of the stock market (Scheicher 2001, p. 27). The third part of this paper briefly provides information about the GARCH model and the ARCH models, with the presentation of the estimated outcomes.Discussion to the StockThe pr ojected volatility of the return in the stock and the financial market is the major ingredient in the assessment of the asset and portfolio risks. The projection is very essential in the computation and the estimation of the pricing models for the derivatives. The analysis of the movement of short stock rates in the emerging markets in the UK and the entire Central Europe show the region as the prime emergent European stock market (Yu 2002, p. 34). This project estimates the VEC model and performs the volatility modeling using a Multivariate GARCH referred to as the M-GARCH model. The results show that the London Stock Exchange group that was investigated has minimal interaction and its financial return volatility has a specific regional behavior (Wang Wu 2012, 54). The study of the behavior of the stock return volatility and its distributional features in the region shows the data for the stock markets covering the years between 2009 and 2013. The dataset uses the UK PX-50 index a nd obtains the statistically significant outcome for the GARCH (1, 1) model. This leads to a conclusion that the financial returns volatility on the PX -50 is persistent.The analysis by Brooks (2008, p. 42) investigates the association linking the emerging stock market in the UK and the other countries in the Central Europe. The investigation uses the multivariate GARCH models such as GARCH, EGARCH, DRIFT + GARCH, AGARCH and VGARCH. This study does the investigation and analysis in two phases, the univariate models phase and the multivariate models phase (Thomas Mitchell 2005, p. 5). On the basis of the univariate model, the analysis concludes that there is a strong GARCH influence appearing for all the European market inclusive of the UK. In the UK, the lagged squared financial returns, which has been non-significant 50 % of the specifications of the conditional stock return volatility (HaroutounÄan andPrice 2001, p. 38).In the tests of the hypothesis of having an efficient m arket in the capital market of the UK between 1995 and 2005, the data shows an existence of efficiency as well as linear dependency on a number of index closing. It shows a similar feature for the Stock Exchange in Prague and comes to conclusion that there is a significant linear relationship between the daily return on stock and the daily index returns. It also concludes that the methodology must be consistent with heteroskedasticity, before it is applied to prevent the biases in relation to statistical significance. According to Mittnik, Paolella Rachev (2002, p. 65), the application of the GARCH model results show similar results for the UK, Poland and Hungary, with an existence of significant GARCH influences.Econometric MethodologyIn this analysis, we apply four styles of GARCH models as listed below:ARCH modelGARCH modelDRIFT + GARCH modelEGARCH modelARCH ModelThe analysis with the ARCH models runs on the basis of variance in the error term calculated at the time t. The model depends on the values obtained from the square of the error terms at time t 1 and before. The model ARCH is expressed as shown in below:yt = uut ~N (0, ht) (1)ht = ÃŽ0 + à ¢( ÃŽjut2 - i) for t from t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 to q (2)In the ARCH (q) model, q is the order of the derivative of the lagged squared financial and stock returns. Assuming that the analysis uses ARCH (1) model, the equation becomes:ht = ÃŽ0 + ÃŽ1u2t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 (3)The values of ht must be positive because ht represents a conditional variance. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t make any sense to have a conditional variance (ÃŽ0) with a negative value. In order to obtain a conditional variance approximate value, it is important to make all the coefficients in the conditional variance positive. Therefore, the coefficients will have to satisfy ÃŽ0 0 and ÃŽ1 =0.GARCH ModelThe GARCH (p, q) model permits the condi tional ÃŽ0 variance of variable to be dependent on the former lags. The first lag in the square of the residual obtained from the mean equation gives information concerning the previous timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s volatility as shown below:ht = ÃŽ0 + à ¢ ÃŽiu2t - i + à ¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²iht à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 (for I from 1 to q, I from 1 to p) (4)In the use of the simple GARCH (1, 1) model, the conditional variance is presented as shown below:ht = ÃŽ0 + ÃŽ1u2 t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 + ÃŽÂ ²1ht-1 (5)In the hypothesis of having a stationery covariance, the model obtains the unconditional variance EMBED Equation.3 using the unconditional value in equation 5.The variance is found as shown belowh = ÃŽ0 + ÃŽ1h + ÃŽÂ ²1h (6)By solving the equation 5, the re sult is: h = ÃŽ0 / (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ÃŽ1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ÃŽÂ ²1) (7)For the calculation to obtain the unconditional variance then the following conditions must be satisfied:ÃŽ1 + ÃŽÂ ²1 1To obtain a positive value of the conditional variance, then the following condition has to be true:ÃŽ0 0DRIFT + GARCH ModelThe DRIFT + GARCH model is a taken as a simple extension of the GARCH, having an additional term to represent the possibility of asymmetries. The GARCH model permits the conditional variance with varying responses from the previous innovations, both positive and negative.ht = ÃŽ0 + à ¢ ÃŽiu2 t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ i + Yiu2t-idt-i + à ¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²jht-j (8)In this model, d t - 1 is represents a dummy variable:In the drift + GARCH model, the impact of high return is shown by ÃŽi, while low return shows the impact as. Additionally, if the Y is greater than of Less than 0, then the return impact is concluded to be asymmetric. If Y 0, then there is a leverage effect. For the satisfaction of the non-negative conditional coefficients, the following conditions have to be true ÃŽ1 0ÃŽi 0ÃŽÂ ² 0ÃŽi + Yi =0That model is acceptable, provided that Yi 0.Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) ModelExponential GARCH uses a leverage effects the expression. In the EGARCH model, we present the conditional covariance as:Log (ht) = ÃŽ&plus... Market Returns and Volatility - 1100 Words Market Returns and Volatility (Term Paper Sample) Content: Finance and AccountingStudent NameMarket Returns and VolatilityLecturers NameInstitution NameDateExecutive SummaryThis paper evaluates the 3 GARCH models using three random distributions to compare the forecast of volatility power of their return for the London stock exchange group, market price index for the 12 years from 2001 to 2012. This study uses the three models GARCH model, DRIFT + GARCH model and EGARCH model against the Normal and General distributions of Error. The next forecast we make is that of the volatility of the stock market for the UK through its stock return using the three models GARCH model, DRIFT + GARCH model and EGARCH model and then performing the comparison of the forecasting of their performances. The outcome demonstrates the fact that the return volatility can change under the influenced of the significant persistence as well as asymmetric effects. We also approximate the variance for the models for in the full sampling period by use of a static forecast. After the comparison of the forecasting performances of the models, the EGARCH model is found to be having the most accurate forecast of the performance compared to other models.Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION2. DISCUSSION TO THE STOCK3. ECONOMETRIC METHODOLOGY3.1. ARCH Model3.2. GARCH Model3.3. DRIFT + GARCH Model3.4. Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) Model4. DATA STATISTICS4.1. Time Series Analysis4.2. Descriptive Statistics4.3. ADF Test5. CONCLUSIONIntroductionFeatures such as volatility clustering and pooling, leptokurtosis and leverage effects commonly characterize the financial data. It is not possible for linear structure models and time series models to demonstrate most of the vital features. The three features are the tendency to develop the returns on the financial assets (VoÃ…Â ¡vrda Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€žkeÃ…Â ¡, 2004). The definition of these tendencies is stated as to make the distributions to demonstrate bigger tails and superfluous mean. This makes the vo latility of the financial markets to create large returns and to make the volatility increase more because of the more rapid drop in prices than to follow the price increase to the same capacity (Hà ¡jek 2007, p. 65). The most common non-linear models of financial forecasts are the ARCH or GARCH models applied in the volatility modeling and forecasting. In this research, we undertake to investigate the volatile nature of the stock market in the UK by studying the dynamics of its return with the GARCH model, DRIFT + GARCH model and the EGARCH model to do comparison of the forecasting of their performances.The next section in this discussion is the exploration of the stock of the London stock Exchange group in relation to the GARCH models as well as the volatility of the stock market (Scheicher 2001, p. 27). The third part of this paper briefly provides information about the GARCH model and the ARCH models, with the presentation of the estimated outcomes.Discussion to the StockThe pr ojected volatility of the return in the stock and the financial market is the major ingredient in the assessment of the asset and portfolio risks. The projection is very essential in the computation and the estimation of the pricing models for the derivatives. The analysis of the movement of short stock rates in the emerging markets in the UK and the entire Central Europe show the region as the prime emergent European stock market (Yu 2002, p. 34). This project estimates the VEC model and performs the volatility modeling using a Multivariate GARCH referred to as the M-GARCH model. The results show that the London Stock Exchange group that was investigated has minimal interaction and its financial return volatility has a specific regional behavior (Wang Wu 2012, 54). The study of the behavior of the stock return volatility and its distributional features in the region shows the data for the stock markets covering the years between 2009 and 2013. The dataset uses the UK PX-50 index a nd obtains the statistically significant outcome for the GARCH (1, 1) model. This leads to a conclusion that the financial returns volatility on the PX -50 is persistent.The analysis by Brooks (2008, p. 42) investigates the association linking the emerging stock market in the UK and the other countries in the Central Europe. The investigation uses the multivariate GARCH models such as GARCH, EGARCH, DRIFT + GARCH, AGARCH and VGARCH. This study does the investigation and analysis in two phases, the univariate models phase and the multivariate models phase (Thomas Mitchell 2005, p. 5). On the basis of the univariate model, the analysis concludes that there is a strong GARCH influence appearing for all the European market inclusive of the UK. In the UK, the lagged squared financial returns, which has been non-significant 50 % of the specifications of the conditional stock return volatility (HaroutounÄan andPrice 2001, p. 38).In the tests of the hypothesis of having an efficient m arket in the capital market of the UK between 1995 and 2005, the data shows an existence of efficiency as well as linear dependency on a number of index closing. It shows a similar feature for the Stock Exchange in Prague and comes to conclusion that there is a significant linear relationship between the daily return on stock and the daily index returns. It also concludes that the methodology must be consistent with heteroskedasticity, before it is applied to prevent the biases in relation to statistical significance. According to Mittnik, Paolella Rachev (2002, p. 65), the application of the GARCH model results show similar results for the UK, Poland and Hungary, with an existence of significant GARCH influences.Econometric MethodologyIn this analysis, we apply four styles of GARCH models as listed below:ARCH modelGARCH modelDRIFT + GARCH modelEGARCH modelARCH ModelThe analysis with the ARCH models runs on the basis of variance in the error term calculated at the time t. The model depends on the values obtained from the square of the error terms at time t 1 and before. The model ARCH is expressed as shown in below:yt = uut ~N (0, ht) (1)ht = ÃŽ0 + à ¢( ÃŽjut2 - i) for t from t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 to q (2)In the ARCH (q) model, q is the order of the derivative of the lagged squared financial and stock returns. Assuming that the analysis uses ARCH (1) model, the equation becomes:ht = ÃŽ0 + ÃŽ1u2t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 (3)The values of ht must be positive because ht represents a conditional variance. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t make any sense to have a conditional variance (ÃŽ0) with a negative value. In order to obtain a conditional variance approximate value, it is important to make all the coefficients in the conditional variance positive. Therefore, the coefficients will have to satisfy ÃŽ0 0 and ÃŽ1 =0.GARCH ModelThe GARCH (p, q) model permits the condi tional ÃŽ0 variance of variable to be dependent on the former lags. The first lag in the square of the residual obtained from the mean equation gives information concerning the previous timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s volatility as shown below:ht = ÃŽ0 + à ¢ ÃŽiu2t - i + à ¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²iht à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 (for I from 1 to q, I from 1 to p) (4)In the use of the simple GARCH (1, 1) model, the conditional variance is presented as shown below:ht = ÃŽ0 + ÃŽ1u2 t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 1 + ÃŽÂ ²1ht-1 (5)In the hypothesis of having a stationery covariance, the model obtains the unconditional variance EMBED Equation.3 using the unconditional value in equation 5.The variance is found as shown belowh = ÃŽ0 + ÃŽ1h + ÃŽÂ ²1h (6)By solving the equation 5, the re sult is: h = ÃŽ0 / (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ÃŽ1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ÃŽÂ ²1) (7)For the calculation to obtain the unconditional variance then the following conditions must be satisfied:ÃŽ1 + ÃŽÂ ²1 1To obtain a positive value of the conditional variance, then the following condition has to be true:ÃŽ0 0DRIFT + GARCH ModelThe DRIFT + GARCH model is a taken as a simple extension of the GARCH, having an additional term to represent the possibility of asymmetries. The GARCH model permits the conditional variance with varying responses from the previous innovations, both positive and negative.ht = ÃŽ0 + à ¢ ÃŽiu2 t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ i + Yiu2t-idt-i + à ¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²jht-j (8)In this model, d t - 1 is represents a dummy variable:In the drift + GARCH model, the impact of high return is shown by ÃŽi, while low return shows the impact as. Additionally, if the Y is greater than of Less than 0, then the return impact is concluded to be asymmetric. If Y 0, then there is a leverage effect. For the satisfaction of the non-negative conditional coefficients, the following conditions have to be true ÃŽ1 0ÃŽi 0ÃŽÂ ² 0ÃŽi + Yi =0That model is acceptable, provided that Yi 0.Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) ModelExponential GARCH uses a leverage effects the expression. In the EGARCH model, we present the conditional covariance as:Log (ht) = ÃŽ&plus...

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

John Augustine s Confessing And Recounting Moments

Saint Augustine, also known as Augustine of Hippo, was born on 354 AD in a North African county in present day Algeria. Throughout of his life, Augustine has endured a lot of hard ships and lessons that he wanted to share with others. He decided in 397 AD to compose an autobiographical book â€Å"confessing† and recounting moments in his life. Confessions by Saint Augustine are a 13 book series comprised of Augustine’s life and how he became to be one of the most important priests during his time. During Book I, Augustine recalls his childhood and how it was like growing up and turning into a young man. He begins his book in an opening prayer, praising his lord and raises the question how can we see God if we do not know who he is. He mentions how anything that exists and creation contains God because he created the Earth. This answers to the question answers how Augustine found God in a sense that, he saw others around him and believed that God was present in everything he has done. An example given in his book is how the comforts of human milk were waiting for him, but God gave him the milk in his mother’s breast to nourish him. This is in accordance to the plan of creation. He later recalls his and other babies experience with crying and pouting for the milk. Augustine believes that babies are not innocent because the get jealous and sin. The only innocent feature on a baby is their frame. He is using babies as a metaphor in saying that all humans are born with original sin.

Monday, May 18, 2020

The E Commerce Industry Market Overview - 2871 Words

The E – Commerce Industry Global Business Operations MIB London – Jules Ketterlin Market Overview 3 Key data about the online retail market 3 A fast-growing but fragmented market 3 Market Environment 4 PESTEL Analysis 4 Political 4 Economical 4 Social 4 Technological 4 Environmental 5 Legal 5 Competitive Rivalry 5 Amazon 6 Presentation 6 Key figures 6 Corporate strategy and challenges 7 Strengthen online business through Amazon Marketplace 7 Expansion of Amazon Web Services 7 Foray into mobile hardware and e-book market: Amazon Kindle 7 Financial indicators 7 Recommendations 8 Alibaba Group 8 Presentation 8 Key figures 8 Corporate strategy and challenges 9 Leverage the strength of a complete ecosystem 9 Make Alipay a leading global online payment platform 9 Recommendations 9 References 10 Appendix 11 Appendix 1 11 11 Appendix 2 12 12 13 Appendix 3 13 Appendix 4 14 Market Overview Key data about the online retail market In 2013, online retail spending are estimated to reach $1.3bn, up 19.2% in 2012. In this global market, Asia accounts for 33% of the market, followed successively by North America with 31.5% and Western Europe with 25.7%. On average, online retail spending grew by 21% a year between 2011 and 2013, with the main growth being located in the Middle East with 37% average growth and the Asia-Pacific region with 32%. When it comes to internet penetration, which means the percentage of a given population with internet access, its average rateShow MoreRelatedVertical, Horizontal And E Commerce Businesses1549 Words   |  7 PagesVertical, Horizontal and E-Commerce Businesses Conducting business online using the internet has continued to experience significant growth over the last two decades. According to the Internet World Stats (2014) the number of worldwide internet users has grown from an estimated 16 million users in 1995 to 2.9 billion users in 2014. This world of interconnectivity has provided a way for people all around the world to communicate with one another in a real time format. The internet has removedRead MoreBusiness Models in Ecom1049 Words   |  5 PagesOverview Lecture 2 E-Commerce Business Models Boriana Koleva bnk@cs.nott.ac.uk C54 Key components of e-commerce business models Major B2C business models Major B2B business models Business models in other emerging areas of e-commerce Benefits and Problems with E-Commerce E-commerce Business Models Business model – set of planned activities designed to result in a profit in a marketplace Business plan – document that describes a firm’s business model E-commerce business model – aims to use andRead MoreWhat Is The Market Analysis Of The U. S-India Trade?837 Words   |  4 PagesMarket analysis has reviled that the mutual U.S.-India trade grew to total over $100 billion in merchandises and services in 2016, even though there was drop in global trade volumes. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

A Comparison Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - 808 Words

Brit Lit Essay I: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight As an avid recreational reader I enjoy reading books of all types, however, one of my favorite genres is fantasy. This love began in my reading of George MacDonalds Phantastes, and continued throughout the past year as I have been working my way through C.S. Lewis’ The Space Trilogy. What is so interesting, and simply enjoyable, for me about reading Sir Gawain is that it is a more original and classic take on the typical structure and plot of a fantasy/fairytale. In the beginning you already get a general idea of how the story is going to go, yet the story has its own quirks that keep it interesting. At the start of the story the Green Knight enters the great hall and proposes his game.†¦show more content†¦Knowing that the Green Knight is a fairy endowed with mystical characteristics makes the story even more interesting; as you continue through the story you begin to wonder more and more about how Gawain would be able to survive the Green Knight’s returning blow. The story in Bertilak’s castle seems arbitrary and unnecessary until you read on and realize that it is an integral part of the story and it is the means by which the author provides Gawain with his solution. In Phantastes, MacDonald spends a lot of time telling the tale of Cosmo of Prague, which at first seems to be an interruption to the main story being told, unbeknownst to the reader, however, it is setting the stage for parts of the plot later on in the story. In the same way Sir Gawain’s time in Bertilak’s castle does the same thing. It is this mysterious structure and suspens e that makes Sir Gawain and the Green Knight such an interesting story to read. The â€Å"huzzah† moment that the reader has when Bertilak’s wife first introduces the idea of the girdle, the idea that connects this part of the story to the rest, is such a satisfying moment for the reader and provides an experience like no other. This is compounded as the reader discovers, sometimes in a frustrating manner, that some unknown test had been occurring to test the character of the hero. Sir Gawain had been honorable and noble the whole story yet his one slip up may have lead to his demise. This isShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain and the Green Knight Hunt vs. Temptation: a Comparison816 Words   |  4 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an Arthurian poem; an enchanting story of chivalry, romance and heroism. With its intricately woven details, parallels and symbols, the reader will often easily overlook these facets in a story of this caliber. Undoubtedly, the author would n ot have spent time on details that do not add to the meaning of the overall telling of the story. The three hunting scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and in parallel, the three temptations, monopolize a considerableRead MoreBeowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Comparison Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pages and the idea they symbolize. Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, two of the earliest great stories of English literature, do not disappoint the readers and present us with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, the Dragon, and the Green Knight. The two poems similarly describe the protagonists’ encounters with these unworldly characters in three patterns, Beowulf’s three great battles with the monsters and Sir Gawain three nights at the Green Knight’s castle. 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In Beowulf, the hero is referredRead More A Comparison of Religion in Sir Gawain and Green Knight and Othello1623 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Religion in Sir Gawain and Othello      Ã‚   Respect for religion and government is an important part of any country, but what happens to a country when these values begin to change?   England was beginning to go through this change in 1603 when Othello was written by William Shakespeare.   Comparing the religious themes and heroes of Othello to the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight which was written during the Middle English era, will demonstrate just how far England had come.   BothRead MoreComparison Between Paradise Lost and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Paradise Lost both had a serious impact over the men in their lives. 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His documented imperfections and various flaws create a sense of irony when put into comparison with the depiction of the pentangle on his shield. The pentangle, designed by King Solomon of old as his own magical seal, symbolizes the virtues that Gawain aspires to uphold: to be faultless in his five senses, that his five fingers were never at fault, being faithful to the five woundsRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain820 Words   |  4 PagesOne Tragic Defeat The poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, illustrates the perfection of a knight throughout his life. Sir Gawain the perfect knight goes on a Christmas game quest provided by the Green Knight which tempts his purity and eventually ruins the ideal knight he used to be. In the criticism, â€Å"A Psychological Interpretation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†, the critic Stephen Manning argues that the poem centers on Gawain’s feeling of guilt. On the other hand, P. J. C. Field a

Classical Conditioning and the Pupil Dilation Response

National University of Singapore Department of Psychology PL1101E: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Question 2 Classical Conditioning and the Pupil Dilation Response Here is a simple classical conditioning experiment that you can perform on yourself at home. You will need a bell (or something you can ring), a hand-held mirror, and a room that becomes completely dark when the light is turned off. Hold the bell while standing in the room near the light switch. Once in position, you should ring the bell and then immediately turn off the light. After waiting in total darkness for about 15 seconds, turn the light back on. Wait another 15 seconds with the light on, and then ring the bell and immediately turn the light back off†¦show more content†¦After blindfolding a friend that is seated on the chair with his or her legs positioned one over the other, sound the buzzer before immediately tapping your friend just below his or her knee with the clinical hammer. Wait for 5 seconds before repeating this procedure for 20 to 30 times, making sure in each trial that the buzzer is sounded immediately before the tapping of your friend’s knee. After numerous pairings, it is theoretically possible to observe a reflexive knee jerk even without tapping your friend’s knee, once the buzzer sounds. In this classical conditioning experiment, the tapping of the person’s knee with a clinical hammer is the UCS, as it is a naturally occurring stimulus that elicits the UCR, which in this case is the reflexive knee jerk action. The distinctive sound given out by the buzzer was initially the NS, but eventually became the CS, after 20 to 30 pairings with the UCS within close intervals of 5 seconds during the experiment. It has become a stimulus that is subsequently capable of eliciting a learned reflex response on its own (CR) which was originally an UCR, because it has been paired with the original UCS. This can be seen from the results shown by the classical conditioning experiment conducted above. After the numerous pairings between the sound given out by the buzzer (NS) and the tapping of the knee using a clini calShow MoreRelatedReinforcement and Feedback Correct Marks2619 Words   |  11 PagesTraditional learning viewpoints considered classical and operant conditioning to be automatic processes involving only environmental events that did not depend at all on biological or cognitive factors. Research on which of the following concepts cast doubt on this point of view? Select one: a. latent learning, signal relations, and instinctive drift b. extinction, discrimination, and generalization c. CRF, ratio, and interval schedules d. escape, avoidance, and spontaneous recovery   Feedback CorrectRead MorePsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 Pagesundergo qualitative or stagelike changes over the course of development (Psychodynamic Theory- Freud, Piagetian Theory) Learning: how kids learn (Behaviorism- Classical Conditioning with John B Watson and Operant Condition with B.F. Skinner, Cognitive social- observing and imitating others, Information-processing-input (stimulus) and output (response)) Dynamic systems: proposes that individuals develop and function within systems and that studies the relationships among individuals and systems and the

Turkish Tradition free essay sample

This article taught me Mavlavi and Samà ¢, both of them are the most important elements of Turkish tradition. It gives information about the rituals and the ceremonies. It also mentions about the development of the Mavlavi Samà ¢ by giving exact times. This article took my attention because I was already curious about this topic. Ultimately, it satisfied my curiosity.Firstly, The author gives a detailed information about Mavlaviyya, when it was written, and how it was written. Looks like, Mavlaviyya mukà ¢hala started to evolve during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but it took the shape of its final form in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Although some early sources of mavlaviyya have any exact definition of samà ¢ but other sources give some traces about the origin of the mavlavi samà ¢. The author explores and explains the origin of the mavlavi samà ¢ in a detailed way. I learnt from this chapter the samà ¢ means a supernatural travel of mans afterlife, reach to intellect and cherish to flawlessness. We will write a custom essay sample on Turkish Tradition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also learnt what the moves in samà ¢ means and how samà ¢ is presented and played as an exhibition on the stage. Some of the moves in samà ¢ don’t exist in Mavlavi mukà ¢hala as I see. I am surprised that samà ¢ dance and music related to the universe and the creation of the universe. ne of the topics that drew my attention was that Mavlavis don’t accept zikr as the basis of their ritual, although they practice in repeating the name of God. I really don’t understand why they do so. I learnt that Mavlavis may attend rituals of other cult and they perform samà ¢. Thanks to the chapter, I had information about the rabà ¢b which is a musical instrument. I learnt from the some websites that even if Mevlà ¢nà ¢ Celà ¢leddà ®n-i Rà »mà ® is thought that he was a neyzen (reed-flute player), he was a rabà ¢b player.From the beginning to end, this article let me know about Mavlaviyya and samà ¢ and it also informed me about some rituals which includes mystics ceremony. I also learnt new name and terms about mevleviyeh thanks to this article. I had little information about this topic, but now I can say that I comprehend terms of mavlaviyya and samà ¢. Moreover, If someone wants to be well up on music and samà ¢ of the mavlaviyya, he/she could read this article and take as a reference.

Rizal in Brussels free essay sample

The gambling people in Madrid were angry when they learned of Rizal’s moralizing. They derisively called him â€Å"Papa† (Pope) instead of â€Å"Pepe†. Bad News from Home ? The Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worst. ? The management of the Dominican hacienda continually raised the land rents. ? The Dominican order filled a suit in court to dispossess the Rizal Family of their lands in Calamba. ? The tenants were persecuted. ? Paciano, Antonio Lopez and Silvestre Ubaldo were deported to Mindoro. ? Manuel T. Hidalgo – was banished to Bohol for the second time. Preparation to Go Home Rizal planned to go home. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal in Brussels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives and friends in the distant Philippines were persecuted. July 9, 1890 – upon hearing that Graciano Lopez Jaena was planning to go to Cuba, Rizal wrote to Ponce to oppose the plan of action of Graciano. July 18, 1890 – he wrote another letter to Ponce in which he expresses his determination to go home. All his friends, including Blumentritt, Jose Ma. Basa, and Ponce, were horrified by Rizal’s to return to the Philippines. They warned him of the danger that awaited him at home. Decision to go to Madrid Something happened that made Rizal to change his plan in returning to the Philippines when he received a letter from Paciano which related that they lost the case against the Dominicans in Manila but they appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain. June 20, 1890 – Rizal wrote to M. H. Del Pilar retaining the latter’s service as a lawyer and informed Del Pilar that he was going to Madrid, in order to supervise the handling of the case. July 29, 1890 – he wrote a letter to Ponce announcing that he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrive Madrid about the 3rd and 4th of August. To My Muse â€Å"A Mi†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1890) – he wrote this poem which was against the a background of mental anguish in Brussels, during those sad days when he was worried by family disasters. To my Muse Invoked no longer is the Muse, The lyre is out of date; The poets it no longer use, And youth its inspiration now imbues With other form and state. If today our fancies aught Of verse would still require, Helicon’s hill remains unsought; And without heed we but inquire, Why the coffee is not brought. In the place of thought sincere That our hearts may feel, We must seize a pen of steel, And with verse and line severe Fling abroad a jest and jeer. Muse, that in the past inspired me, And with songs of love hast fired me; Go thou now to dull repose, For today in sordid prose I must earn the gold that hired me. Now must I ponder deep, Meditate, and struggle on; E’en sometimes I must weep; For he who love would keep Great pain has undergone. Fled are the days of ease, The days of Love’s delight; When flowers still would please And give to suffering souls surcease From pain and sorrow’s blight. One by one they have passed on, All I loved and moved among; Dead or married—from me gone, For all I place my heart upon By fate adverse are stung. Go thou, too, O Muse, depart, Other regions fairer find; For my land but offers art For the laurel, chains that bind, For a temple, prisons blind. But before thou leavest me, speak: Tell me with thy voice sublime, Thou couldst ever from me seek A song of sorrow for the weak, Defiance to the tyrant’s crime. English translation by Charles Derbyshire Romance with Petite Jacoby Two things brought some measure of cheer to the despondent Rizal as he was preparing for his trip to Madrid: 1. The summertime festival of Belgium, which was celebrated in carnival style. 2. His romance with Petite Jacoby, the pretty niece of his landladies. ? Rizal was so charming and dignified a gentleman the Petite Susanne was attracted to him. ? He was lonely in a strange country and Leonor Rivera was so far away. ? Like other women – Segunda Katigbak, Orang Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, O-Sei-San, Gettie Beckett, Consuelo Ortiga y Perez and Nellie Boustead – Susanne fell in love with Rizal

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Research Paper on Oedipus Rex by Sophocles Essay Example

Research Paper on Oedipus Rex by Sophocles Essay Oedipus Rex (Greek, Oo o?) is one of the seven tragedies of the Athenian poet and playwright Sophocles, who lived in about 496-406 BC. Sophocles’ works are the best examples of ancient tragedy, as Aristotle defined it in his â€Å"Poetics†: â€Å"Tragedy is a reproduction of serious and complete action using sophisticated language (different in different parts of the tragedy), a certain amount of which is reproduced not only by telling the story, but also by acting it provoking regret and fear, thus causing catharsis (purification) of such emotions.† Sophocles abandoned the principle of trilogy with linked parts: each and every of his tragedy is a fully completed dramatic whole that ends with the death of the main actors. The main characteristics of the Sophocles’ tragedies are the complexity of the composition, abundance of theatrical effects, focus on the main character, the use of tragic irony, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Oedipus Rex by Sophocles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Oedipus Rex by Sophocles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Oedipus Rex by Sophocles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In his â€Å"Poetics† Aristotle considered the Sophocles’ play the ideal tragic work and such that played a huge role in the history of ancient drama. Its main hero was a man who realized his guilt and executed himself for it. The tragic ending of the play by Sophocles is not associated with the passions and vices of the protagonist, and is rather caused by higher power. The story tells about the parents of Oedipus, who, fearing the prediction that their son would kill his own father and marry his mother, have decided to kill the child. However, thanks to the pity of the killing perpetrator, the infant was given to a shepherd of Corinth and adopted by Corinthian King Polybus. When adult, Oedipus learns about the prophecy and decides to leave his foster parents, hoping to avoid the evil fate. Oedipus Rex occupies an important place in the development of European theatrical process. It becomes a topic for dialogue between European cultures. A performance directors tried to identify themselves in the European theater of the twentieth century through the play, often trying to dissociate themselves from their national characteristics. Oedipus Rex was a popular and recognized play throughout Europe for more than two millennia. Sophocles was a poet of the golden age of slave-owning democracy, with its respect for tradition and recognition of the individual at the same time. To better understand the subject that you have chosen for your research proposals it is strongly recommended to look through a few free sample research paper topics, which will teach you that the fate of Oedipus interested artists at different times and ages. Seneca the younger, Voltaire, and Corneille have written a tragedy Oedipus. Hofmannsthal has written Oedipus and the Sphinx, Jean Cocteau – Infernal Machine, Krause – Oedipus and his mother, etc. You will find such free examples in quantity on the Web. CAUTION! As far as you know all free research paper samples and research proposal examples on Oedipus Rex are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Oedipus Rex topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Comment on the dramatic significance of any 3 scenes in Hamlet Essay Example

Comment on the dramatic significance of any 3 scenes in Hamlet Essay Example Comment on the dramatic significance of any 3 scenes in Hamlet Paper Comment on the dramatic significance of any 3 scenes in Hamlet Paper has been one of the most remembered names in the world of ancient literature. He was well known for his romantic comedies and tragedies , which gained a lot of fame , and recognition. As we see , in Hamlet , how he has made use of different techniques in order to bring out the dramatic significance in the play. In Elizabethan times , revenge was considered to be manly , and courageous. They believed , society would function in a better manner if man could control his passion , and this has been beautifully shown in the play . Hamlet has been one of Shakespeares most remembered plays. Through this play , Shakespeare once again told that era of his deep insight into the human mind , and the rich use of language , reveals a lot about the Elizabethan era . His passages , reflect philosophical thoughts , which were usually spoken in rhyme or verse . Since there was no effective back drop , the essence and style of Shakespeare was created only through his words. In the opening scene of the play, the reader begins to guess what is going to happen. The first line itself creates a sense of curiosity , and it is in the form of a question , Whos there? . The use of certain details creates an eerie atmosphere , phrases such as struck twelve and , bitter cold , are just some examples. The use of questions , such as Has this thing appeared again tonight? , tends to hint at future events. In this particular scene , we are introduced to the main character , Hamlet . It is as if other characters , such as Horatio , introduce us to Hamlet by saying that the apparition that is dumb , may speak to Hamlet . The use of imagery , and the specific mention of a ghost tends to create excitement and horror in the reader , and the contemporary audience took interest in scary manifestations. This scene also tells us how past events effect the present and the future. The very mention of a ghost , and its silence sows the seeds of tragedy . The reader gets more and more involved in the play , and this curiosity is sustained through out the play. The reader is not shocked , when the ghost first enters for the others players have already spoken about it to the audience. The audience are immediately told whos ghost it is for , In the same figure like the King thats dead. The arrival of the ghost creates a dramatic tension , and Horatios next words , fear and wonder , tend to amaze the reader , keeping the curtain unveiled. The ghosts silence arouses excitement in the audience , and the bewildered characters make the scene look very natural. The ghostly night , has been associated with the preparation of War with Norway. It emphasizes on the awaiting tragedy , and strengthens the confusion in the reader. Once again , we see there is use of gruesome imagery , lines and phrases such as , The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead.. and , Stars with trains of fire and dews of blood. The language over here is very direct , and expressive. Words such as blood and dead horrify the reader , introduce the basic theme of the play , which is revenge. Shakespeare also believed in using supernatural elements in his play , No fairy takes ; nor witch hath power to charm. Marcellus says this when the young men talk about the , Saviors birth. Normally , in Greek plays , the chorus was used. In Elizabethan plays , the prologue was used , but in this play , Hamlet uses the opening scene to express his views and ideas. The next scene which once again dramatizes the play , is act 3 , scene 2. In this scene , we see Hamlets state of mind. Shakespeares language tends to intensify the turmoil that he is going through , and the audience seam to appreciate this. Basically , in this scene Hamlet instructs the actors , and his instructions reveal his fondness of drama . He makes important points on an actors performance , we see this in line such as , Let your own discretion be your tutor. Here we see , a number of contrasts ,such as Horatios balanced temperament contrasted to Hamlets violent and unexpected mood swings. In this particular scene , we are exposed to a more sentimental , and emotional side of Hamlet. We see , that he believes clowns are the saddest people. His thoughtful views on friendship , show us his admiration for Horatio . Here it is seen , that friendship is one of the themes in the novel as well. Once again , Shakespeare shows his deep insight into the human mind in the line , Give me that man that is not passions slave , and I will wear him. Hamlets abrupt dismissal of Rozencrantz and Guildenstern shows the dramatic contrast to his whole hearted praise for Horatio. It tells us that a person who is balanced , and does not over dramatize is always appreciated. Hamlet deliberately procrastinates , and this shows us that even though he is brave and courageous , he does not really wish to kill his uncle. Hosting the play is just one of the ways of procrastinating , Hamlet was hoping that the King would not show guilt , and the ghost would be proved wrong. Having a play , in the play adds to the dramatic significance of the novel , making Hamlets desperation more credible and comprehendible. In Shakespeares plays , one would find a lot of repetition or lists. It helps to make the dialogue more strong , effective and emphasizes on the state of mind of the character. For instance , in the play , The Murder of Gonzago , we come across the line , Whether love lead fortune , or else fortune lead love. It has a highly philosophical tone , and the repetition of the same words , and the letter L makes the line more memorable. In this scene , we also come across a number of similes , one which is from Ophelia to Hamlet , You are as good as a chorus , my lord. At the end of the play , when Hamlet is successful in bringing out guilt onto Claudiss face , there is a line with the same word repeated three times to show his guilt , fear , and nervousness. Lights ,lights , lights! Shakespeares settings always tell the reader of what is coming up next . Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn , and the hell itself breathes out. In this particular line , we see that the atmosphere tells the audience that something unpleasant is awaiting the main character. A metaphor has been used , for hell is given the human quality of beathing. Another very dramatic technique of Shakespeare is using cross reference . I will speak daggers to her , in Macbeth a similar image is created in the readers mind. Hamlets soliloquies enables the audience to see Hamlets feelings about himself , and other characters in the play. It basically aims at seeing the main characters inner feelings , and his confused state of mind is usually seen only through his soliloquy. We also meet a new phase of Hamlet as he exposes a new sentimental and emotional side , that is new to us. The scene ends with a short soliloquy of Hamlet , and the line , Now could I drink hot blood. This particular line talks of the revenge that Hamlet wants to avenge. Animals are part of the Elizabethan natural order in the universe and are parallel of the characters. It is very relevant to the audience , as it relates to the scene , emphasizing on the evil side of it. Another very dramatic scene is Act 5 , scene 2. The very beginning of the scene , talks of old memories a t sea , and he finds actual proof that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are really not his true friends. It stated that Hamlet should be executed immediately on his arrival in England , and the idea of making them taste a bit of their own medicine , teaches the audience that Hamlet was ready to take revenge. Hamlet , once again justifies his idea of taking revenge in these lines , giving four reasons. He hath killed my king , and whored my mother, Popped in between thelection and my hopes, Thrown out his angle for my proper life. In this particular scene , we see that Hamlet has grown stone hearted , and even after his 2 schoolfellows have died , he has no feelings of remorse or sorrow whatsoever. In his conversation with Horatio , it is seen he is a different person , and is now confident of avenging his fathers murder. The language over here has a consistent cold tone , and it is not very difficult to understand. In certain lives we see that forceful words have been used , such as , Grinding of the axe and , My head should be struck off. The mention of weapons , tells the reader that something unpleasant is awaiting the characters in the play. Shakespeare , creates an atmosphere with the trumpets and drums , making the particular moment in the scene memorable. In this scene , we meet a new person , Osric. We learn a lot about this character , through what Hamlet thinks of him . We see , that Hamlet does not particularly like him , and in his sarcastic and casual ton e , we see that he considers him to be a person of no great substance or morals. Claudius hosts a fencing match , between Laertes and Hamlet , and we see that Hamlet accepts it , and is ready to undertake anything that fate has in store for him . Even though , Laertes accepts Hamlets apology , we see that he really doesnt forgive him , and still looks forward to murdering him. The audience sense victory , the King orders for vine and music in case Hamlet wins . Claudiuss slow and conniving moves , of slipping a poisoned pearl into the cup , tell the audience what is really in his mind. It excites them , and baffles them at the same time. Another theme in the novel , is a mother-son relationship. We see this time and again , when Gertrude tries her level best to encourage her son , and wipes the sweat of his face in intervals . We see that Gertrude may have also been guilty , of re marrying and may be her sons words may have convinced her to take her own life. It is here when Hamlet realizes what is really going on and he coaxes the king to drink the rest of the poison. Claudiuss melodramatic line , It is too late , shows his selfish nature , telling us that he did not really value his wifes life. Once again over here we see repetition and lists , in Hamlets lines to the King , Here , thou incestuous , murderous , damned Dane. We see that even Laertes in successful in killing Hamlet , and so is Hamlet. The unexpected death of all the characters makes the end very emotional , and frightening. Hamlets last words to Horation tell us of his dedication to him ,Now crack a noble heart. Goodnight sweet prince. This line has a double meaning and does not clearly tell the audience of what Hamlet is actually trying to say. I truly enjoyed reading the play , and it was not only exciting , but very moralistic as well. The saying , Procrastination is the thief of time , is proved right for Hamlet is so reluctant to kill his uncle , and in the end , he has to give up on his own life as well. It dealt with many themes , and it is easy for everyone to relate to it. The change in Hamlets character at different intervals remind anyone of his/her very own state of mind . The play has given revenge a very positive side , and it once again shows the confused and rebellious side of any human.

Sunday, March 1, 2020

The History of the Invention of the Telegraph

The History of the Invention of the Telegraph When British officials wished to communicate between London and the naval base at Portsmouth in the early 1800s, they utilized a system called a semaphore chain. A series of towers built on high points of land held contraptions with shutters, and men working the shutters could flash signals from tower to tower. A semaphore message could be relayed the 85 miles between Portsmouth and London in about 15 minutes. Clever as the system was, it was really just an improvement on signal fires, which had been used since ancient times. There was a need for much faster communication. And by the middle of the century, Britain’s semaphore chain was obsolete. The Invention of the Telegraph An American professor, Samuel F.B. Morse, began experimenting with sending communications via electromagnetic signal in the early 1830s. In 1838 he was able to demonstrate the device by sending a message across two miles of wire in Morristown, New Jersey. Morse eventually received funds from Congress to install a line for demonstration between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. After an abortive effort to bury wires, it was decided to hang them from poles, and wire was strung between the two cities. On May 24, 1844, Morse, stationed in the Supreme Court chambers, which were then in the US Capitol, sent a message to his assistant Alfred Vail in Baltimore. The famous first message: â€Å"What hath God wrought.† News Traveled Quickly After the Invention of the Telegraph The practical importance of the telegraph was obvious, and in 1846 a new business, the Associated Press, began using the rapidly spreading telegraph lines to send dispatches to newspaper offices. Election results were gathered via telegraph by the AP for the first time for the 1848 presidential election, won by Zachary Taylor. In the following year AP workers stationed in Halifax, Nova Scotia, begin intercepting news arriving on boats from Europe and telegraphing it to New York, where it could appear in print days before the boats reached New York harbor. Abraham Lincoln Was a Technological President By the time Abraham Lincoln became president the telegraph had become an accepted part of American life. Lincolns first State of the Union message was transmitted over the telegraph wires, as the New York Times reported on December 4, 1861:​ The message of President Lincoln was telegraphed yesterday to all parts of the loyal states. The message contained 7, 578 words, and was all received in this city in one hour and 32 minutes, a feat of telegraphing unparalleled in the Old or New World. Lincolns own fascination with the technology led him to spend many hours during the Civil War in the telegraph room of the War Department building near the White House. The young men who manned the telegraph equipment later recalled him sometimes staying overnight, awaiting messages from his military commanders. The president would generally write his messages in longhand, and telegraph operators would relay them, in military cipher, to the front. Some of Lincolns messages are examples of emphatic brevity, such as when he advised General Ulysses S. Grant, at City Point, Virginia in August 1864: â€Å"Hold on with a bulldog grip, and chew and choke as much as possible. A. Lincoln.† A Telegraph Cable Reached Under the Atlantic Ocean During the Civil War construction of telegraph lines to the west proceeded, and news from the distant territories could be sent to the eastern cities almost instantly. But the biggest challenge, which seemed utterly impossible, would be to lay a telegraph cable under the ocean from North America to Europe. In 1851 a functional telegraph cable had been laid across the English Channel. Not only could news travel between Paris and London, but the technological feat seemed to symbolize the peace between Britain and France just a few decades after the Napoleonic Wars. Soon telegraph companies began surveying the coast of Nova Scotia to prepare for laying cable. An American businessman, Cyrus Field, became involved in the plan to put a cable across the Atlantic in 1854. Field raised money from his wealthy neighbors in New York City’s Gramercy Park neighborhood, and a new company was formed, the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company. In 1857, two ships chartered by Fields company began laying the 2,500 miles of cable, setting off from Irelands Dingle Peninsula. The initial effort soon failed, and another attempt was put off until the following year. Telegraph Messages Crossed the Ocean By Undersea Cable The effort to lay the cable in 1858 met with problems, but they were overcome and on August 5, 1858, Cyrus Field was able to send a message from Newfoundland to Ireland via the cable. On August 16 Queen Victoria sent a congratulatory message to President James Buchanan. Cyrus Field was treated as a hero upon arrival in New York City, but soon the cable went dead. Field resolved to perfect the cable, and by the end of the Civil War he was able to arrange more financing. An attempt to lay cable in 1865 failed when the cable snapped just 600 miles from Newfoundland. An improved cable was finally put in place in 1866. Messages were soon flowing between the United States and Europe. And the cable which snapped the previous year was located and repaired, so two functional cables were operating. The Telegraph Was Depicted In the Capitol Dome Constantino Brumidi, the Italian-born artist who was painting inside the newly expanded US Capitol, incorporated the transatlantic cable into two beautiful paintings. The artist was an optimist, as his lofty depictions were completed a few years before the cable was finally proven successful. In the oil painting Telegraph, Europe is portrayed as clasping hands with America while a cherub offers a telegraph wire. The spectacular fresco inside the top of the Capitols dome, Apotheosis of Washington has a panel titled Marine showing Venus helping to lay the transatlantic cable. In the Late 1800s Telegraph Wires Covered the World In the years following Fields success, underwater cables connected the Middle East with India, and Singapore with Australia. By the end of the 19th century, much of the globe was wired for communication.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Why do leaders lead in different ways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Why do leaders lead in different ways - Essay Example This is what the leader does; instilling a sense of togetherness regardless of the dynamic. However, this is a daunting task for leaders who pick a wrong strategy or leadership style as they will struggle so much to lead them with the unsuitable styles. A question that may ring on one’s mind, therefore, is that why do leaders lead differently? What brings the diversity? Why do some leaders succeed while others do not? In this essay, an exploration of different leadership styles and ways in which they influence the followers will be discussed to help unfold the underlying factors behind leadership while at the same time answering these questions. Leadership is not merely being in charge or in a position of authority. Effective leadership requires special skills in dealing with a range of people and the styles one deploy in this regard will extensively affect the team that is being led. To lead is to be in a control tower from which regulation, coordination, management of the followers is derived. Leadership, therefore, is a state of being in control of and in a position to command actions of a particular team for a specific objective. Leaders are mandated to direct and be in the forefront of any action a group or the team plans to undertake (Nahavandi, 2006, p.58). Behavioural theorist put focus on the conducts and deeds of a leader. They countercheck the behaviour of the leader in leadership duties and see if their (leaders) actions are justified. Some leaders dictate, coerce, command and are rude to the followers yet they expect loyalty and collaboration. Robertson (2011) puts forth a conception that classifies leaders in different categories based on their leadership behaviours. These include: autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles of leadership. Autocratic leadership according to Robertson (2011, p.73) is a style in which the leader is the sole decision maker. Decisions in this style are